children rights our gate to the future

by:Gandy A Sharar

To ensure that the human rights of the child means that invest in the future; The rights of children are the basic building blocks of an established culture of human rights, which is the basis for guaranteeing the human rights of future generations. And children, as human beings, are entitled to all the rights guaranteed by the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" and the various covenants which it emerged. But children also need special protection and care; They should also be able to count on the world of adults to care for them, and defend their rights, and help them to develop their potential and realized. Governments pay lip service to this ideal, but it failed miserably to ensure respect for children's rights. We have suffered and children suffer through history of numerous violations of human rights, just like adults, but they could be targeted simply because they are dependent and vulnerable. The children are being subjected to torture and ill-treatment at the hands of agents of States, and detained arbitrarily or unlawfully, in appalling conditions in many cases; In some States, subject to the death penalty.

There are thousands of children are killed or wounded in armed conflicts, while escaping a larger number of homes to become refugees. Violators children forced poverty and abuse to live on the streets, to arrest and assault, and even murder, as "social cleansing".

Millions of children and the various forms of exploitative labor and risky, or are victims of child trafficking and forced prostitution. Because children "are easy targets," they are sometimes threatened, beaten or raped in order to punish family members who unreached.

As well as being of children like adults for various forms of racial discrimination and sectarian, ethnic, national, religious and often deprived of all their civil and human rights which constitute the bedrock of civil society civilized and citizenship rights as a result of the foregoing and by the evolution of human thought and the emergence of the concepts of human rights and its broad deployment among civilized societies is urgent search for laws guaranteeing the rights of the child which would constitute solid blocks to build a humane and safety, justice, equality and peace.

And attention to the rights of the child extends to a depth of human history and historical references show concern sages and philosophers, scientists and different religions childhood care and protection. With the beginnings of the 20th century and placed in the pocket Ajlantin 1923 Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by the League of Nations in 1924 and adopted and named (Geneva Declaration) : the text of the declaration consisted of five points was to ensure children's special care and protection regardless of race and nationality.

In subsequent years has been the development of the text in 1948 when discussing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to become the nucleus of the Universal Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by the General Assembly unanimously by the United Nations in 1959 has a ten-point declaration included ways on the well-being of the child and the right to be nurtured and protected from all forms of neglect , cruelty, exploitation and practices that promote other types of discrimination. But it was not enforceable in law in 1989, the General Assembly adopted the United Nations "Convention on the Rights of the Child", in its resolution 44/25 of November 20, 1989 and launched in September 2, 1990 under Article (49) of the Charter.

Since then, ratified all Member States in the United Nations "Convention on the Rights of the Child", with the exception of Somalia (lacking, several years ago, the central government able to ratify the Convention) and the United States of America.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child an agreed set of standards and obligations which gives children a central position in the quest to build a society of justice, respect and peace. The Convention sets out clearly the basic human rights of all children in every time and place : the right to survival; The right to grow to the maximum limits; The right to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation; The right to participate in family life, cultural and social full participation.

Convention and preserve these rights by providing criteria to be followed in the area of health care and education as well as legal services, civil and social rights. These standards are benchmarks can be measured by the progress and that the countries which ratify the Convention are obliged to always take into account the best interests of the child in its actions and policies.

The Convention is based on four fundamental principles The principle of non-discrimination Article 2 : 1. States Parties shall respect the rights set forth in the present Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind of discrimination, regardless of the child's or his or her parent or legal guardian's race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or ethnic origin or Social, or property, disability, birth or other status.

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status of the child's parents or legal guardians or family members, or their activities, expressed opinions or beliefs.

The best interests of children Article 3 + 18 : Article 3 - 1 in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by social welfare institutions, public or private, or the courts, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, give first consideration to the best interests of the child. States Parties undertake to ensure the child such protection and care as is necessary for their well-being, taking into account the rights and duties of parents or legal guardians or other individuals legally responsible for him, and take, to this end, all legislative and administrative measures.

States Parties shall ensure that the institutions, services and facilities responsible for the care or child protection standards established by competent authorities, particularly in the area of safety and health in the number of staff and their powers to work, as well as competent supervision.

Article 18 : 1-States Parties shall make every effort to ensure recognition of the principle that both parents imposing common responsibilities for the upbringing and development of children rests with parents or legal guardians, as the case, the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child. The child's best interests interest statute. In order to ensure and promote the rights set forth in this Convention States Parties to the Convention to render appropriate assistance to parents and legal guardians in their child-rearing responsibilities and to ensure the development of institutions, facilities and child care services.

Child's right to life, survival and development (Article 6 +24) : Article 6 : 1-States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life. States Parties shall ensure to the maximum extent possible the survival and development of the child.

Article 24 : 1-States Parties recognize the right of the child to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health, States Parties shall make every effort to ensure that no child is denied the right to obtain care services such victim.

States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right shall, in particular, the appropriate measures to :-a reduction of infant and child mortality; To ensure the provision of medical assistance and health care necessary for all children with emphasis on the development of primary health care; To combat disease and malnutrition even in the context of primary health care, inter alia, through the application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking water, taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution; To ensure proper health care for mothers before and after birth; E-To ensure that all segments of society, especially parents and children basic information on child health and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental sanitation, prevention of accidents, and have access to education in these areas and to assist in the use of such information; To develop preventive health care and guidance for parents, education and family planning services.

States Parties shall take all effective measures appropriate to abolish traditional practices prejudicial to children's health.

4-States Parties undertake to promote and encourage international cooperation with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right recognized in this article.

Few take into account special needs of developing countries in this regard. Respect for the views of the child (Article 12, Article 13 and Article 14) Article 12 : 1 ensure that the States Parties to the Convention for the child who is capable of forming his or her own views the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. For this purpose available for the child, in particular the opportunity to be heard in any judicial and administrative proceedings affecting the child, either directly, or through a representative or an appropriate body, in a manner consistent with the procedural rules of national law.

Article 13 : 1. The child has the right to freedom of expression, this right includes freedom to seek all types of information and ideas, receive and impart, without any consideration of frontiers, either verbally or in writing or printing, or art, or through any other means the child's choice. May subjecting the exercise of this right to certain restrictions, provided that they are provided by law and are necessary to ensure that : (a) Respect the rights or reputations of others, or, (b) the protection of national security or public order, or of public health or morals. Article 14 : 1-States Parties shall respect the right of the child to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. 2-States Parties shall respect the rights and duties of parents and, as the case may be, legal guardians, in directing the child to exercise his right manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child. 3-may not be subject to profess religion or beliefs only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others Thus, we believe that this agreement is the only treaty for Human Rights, which includes all civil and political rights, economic and cultural rights, and stresses that these rights are indivisible and depend on each other.

Due to the comprehensive nature, and gaining near-universal ratification, the agreement is a milestone for the international consensus on the basic principles of universal human rights, and indivisibility. According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a child is "every human being below eighteen years unless a majority before under the law applicable."

This text imposes significant challenges for the application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, particularly in countries that link adulthood sexual puberty, which is often different for boys and girls. Under the provisions of the "Convention on the Rights of the Child", all States should determine the minimum age of criminal responsibility, which - according to the rules of Beijing (1) "must not determine the age of very low, and take into account the realities of emotional maturity, mental and intellectual Even if a State set the age of criminal responsibility less than 18 years, the rights provided for by the "Convention on the Rights of the Child" remain valid, especially those relating to the treatment of child rights at the hands of law enforcement authorities, and judicial authorities. And depends on the governments to ensure that children's rights. The child should not suffer from discrimination. Apply the rights contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child to all children "regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national origin or ethnic, social or wealth or disability, birth or other status." The basic thrust is equal opportunities.

Girls must have the same opportunities available to children. And poor children, disabled children, refugee children, indigenous children or minorities, must enjoy the same rights, like all other children, and to have the same opportunities in education, growth, and enjoy a decent standard of living.

One of the major differences between the "Convention on the Rights of the Child" and other treaties lies in the fact that the Convention recognizes that those rights should be promoted effectively if they are to be implemented.

Those who know their more able to claim them.

The Article 42 Governments have a responsibility to educate children and adults alike, the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child does not address the rights of the child, but address, also, the responsibility of children to respect the rights of others in their families and communities. The Convention recognizes that all children should be able to grow in an environment of love and happy family, and states that the duty of the family to help children understand their rights and responsibilities, so as to prepare them for living "in a spirit of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality and solidarity.

" While the Convention on the Rights of the Child stresses that the family is the natural environment for child-rearing, she received a primary duty of the State to protect children from all forms of abuse, neglect and exploitation; Even if it did not representatives of the State so directly.

Thus, the Convention on the Rights of the Child defy traditional understanding that the state is not responsible for the violations committed by family or society; Domestic violence or operation of child labor, for example, usually committed by individuals, but governments can be held responsible for its failure to protect children from such these violations The committee oversees the implementation of the Rights of the Child Convention.

The Committee is composed of ten experts of high moral standing and recognized competence in the area covered by this Convention (2). Committee members shall be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by States Parties to the Convention, each State Party shall nominate one person from among its own nationals.

Because the Convention on the Rights of the Child and extensive, and include social policy and law, the Committee comprises usually people from various professional backgrounds, such as human rights, international law and juvenile justice, social work, medicine, journalism and government and non-government.

Governments are obligated to report to the Committee within two years of the entry into force of the Convention in their countries, and determine, in its report that steps have been taken in order to become national laws, policies and practices, consistent with the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Committee shall examine the facts, and to listen to a wide range of evidence related to the report of the government, often provided by non-governmental organizations, and meets with each government to discuss with them the record in the area of child rights. The Committee provides advice to governments on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child; And it engaged in substantive discussions on finding solutions to specific issues in the area of children's rights.

At the end of the process, the Commission will adopt the "remarks" contains a series of recommendations on how the States to improve implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Governments need to report every five years on progress of work